(1980s-90s) Fifth Generation - A group of Chinese filmmakers responsible for increasing popularity in Chinese cinema.
They abandoned traditional methods of storytelling and opted for more free and unorthodox methods, making a conscious effort to separate themselves from convention and the larger community in the process.
Notable figures include: Chen Kaige, Junzhao Zhang. Yimou Zhang, Tian Zhuangzhuang, Wu Zininu, Xiaowen Zhou.
page 215.
- Chinese Modernism in the era of reforms - Xudong Zhang
Among its most notable members is Yimou Zhang, with an impressive filmography including; Curse of the Golden Flower, Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles, House of Flying Daggers, Shanghai Triad, and Red Sorghum.
Ang Lee, active as a director since 1992 directed, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, in 2000, but has also directed, more recently, Hulk (2003) and Brokeback Mountain (2005).
The Cinema Book 2nd Edition - Part 3 - National Cinemas and Film Movements
'Spaghetti Westerns' have become popular within world cinema, in the case of Italian cinema, conversely drawing influence from the West. They became very popular throughout Italy, often produced with low budgets, making use of unique and vivid cinematography. Italian Spaghetti Westerns created a mix between classic traditional western ambiance with the comic tradition of 'Commedia all'italiana'.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai_film
Again, conversely, Chinese cinema has also had an influence on Western film. The basic idea and structure of many samurai films has impacted upon a number of Western directors, such as Clint Eastwood. Samurai films follow themes of lonely, or lost souls, roaming the land seeking purpose or a place.
Also is the tendency for European and American film industries to 'copy' themes or ideas from Asian Cinema. For instance, blood spurting/spraying from the neck in Kill Bill is influenced by Chinese/Japanese cinema, with films like Ichi the Killer making use of the same effect.
The Cinema Book 2nd Edition - Part 3 - National Cinemas and Film Movements (below)
German Expressionism
German Expressionism arose during the early 20th century. Its audiences are mainly 'arty types' . Early German cinema made use of surrealistic settings, and creation of a fantasy world, separate from everyday reality. Chiaroscuro lighting creates a very dark, Gothic effect. E.g. Dracula
New German Cinema
(Wim Wenders, Volker Schlondorff) Revived the German film industry, still with low budgets and 'artsy' audiences.
Soviet Cinema
(most famously Sergei Eisenstein (Strike, Battleship Potemkin)
Soviet and Russian cinema are still relatively successful today.
Italian Neo-Realism
Synonymous with filmmakers like Rossellini, De Sica, and Visconti.
Italian Neo-Realist films were economically and culturally self sufficient - breaking free from fascism. They reflected changes in the moral conditions and public mentality in Italy.
Spaghetti Westerns (see above).
Italian films are renowned for their horror, violence, and explicit content. Example? Hannibal Holocaust (Ruggero Deodato). Through the 1970s and 80s Italy produced a number of horror films which are still banned in the UK today. Many Nazi exploitation films were made.
French Cinema
French cinema, again, had small budgets and 'artsy' audiences. Until recently, places like the US were reluctant to import French language films, due to the language barrier. Unlike Chinese/Japanese cinema with its astounding cinematography and visual appeal, French films appear to make more use of language. They have no expensive settings or special effects.
Jean-Luc Godard.
Further reading:
European Cinemas, European Societies 1939-90 (Studies in film, television, and the media)
ISBN: 0415056713
The Oxford History of World Cinema
ISBN: 0198742428
Theorising National Cinema
ISBN: 1844571203
They abandoned traditional methods of storytelling and opted for more free and unorthodox methods, making a conscious effort to separate themselves from convention and the larger community in the process.
Notable figures include: Chen Kaige, Junzhao Zhang. Yimou Zhang, Tian Zhuangzhuang, Wu Zininu, Xiaowen Zhou.
page 215.
- Chinese Modernism in the era of reforms - Xudong Zhang
Among its most notable members is Yimou Zhang, with an impressive filmography including; Curse of the Golden Flower, Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles, House of Flying Daggers, Shanghai Triad, and Red Sorghum.
Ang Lee, active as a director since 1992 directed, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, in 2000, but has also directed, more recently, Hulk (2003) and Brokeback Mountain (2005).
The Cinema Book 2nd Edition - Part 3 - National Cinemas and Film Movements
'Spaghetti Westerns' have become popular within world cinema, in the case of Italian cinema, conversely drawing influence from the West. They became very popular throughout Italy, often produced with low budgets, making use of unique and vivid cinematography. Italian Spaghetti Westerns created a mix between classic traditional western ambiance with the comic tradition of 'Commedia all'italiana'.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai_film
Again, conversely, Chinese cinema has also had an influence on Western film. The basic idea and structure of many samurai films has impacted upon a number of Western directors, such as Clint Eastwood. Samurai films follow themes of lonely, or lost souls, roaming the land seeking purpose or a place.
Also is the tendency for European and American film industries to 'copy' themes or ideas from Asian Cinema. For instance, blood spurting/spraying from the neck in Kill Bill is influenced by Chinese/Japanese cinema, with films like Ichi the Killer making use of the same effect.
The Cinema Book 2nd Edition - Part 3 - National Cinemas and Film Movements (below)
German Expressionism
German Expressionism arose during the early 20th century. Its audiences are mainly 'arty types' . Early German cinema made use of surrealistic settings, and creation of a fantasy world, separate from everyday reality. Chiaroscuro lighting creates a very dark, Gothic effect. E.g. Dracula
New German Cinema
(Wim Wenders, Volker Schlondorff) Revived the German film industry, still with low budgets and 'artsy' audiences.
Soviet Cinema
(most famously Sergei Eisenstein (Strike, Battleship Potemkin)
Soviet and Russian cinema are still relatively successful today.
Italian Neo-Realism
Synonymous with filmmakers like Rossellini, De Sica, and Visconti.
Italian Neo-Realist films were economically and culturally self sufficient - breaking free from fascism. They reflected changes in the moral conditions and public mentality in Italy.
Spaghetti Westerns (see above).
Italian films are renowned for their horror, violence, and explicit content. Example? Hannibal Holocaust (Ruggero Deodato). Through the 1970s and 80s Italy produced a number of horror films which are still banned in the UK today. Many Nazi exploitation films were made.
French Cinema
French cinema, again, had small budgets and 'artsy' audiences. Until recently, places like the US were reluctant to import French language films, due to the language barrier. Unlike Chinese/Japanese cinema with its astounding cinematography and visual appeal, French films appear to make more use of language. They have no expensive settings or special effects.
Jean-Luc Godard.
Further reading:
European Cinemas, European Societies 1939-90 (Studies in film, television, and the media)
ISBN: 0415056713
The Oxford History of World Cinema
ISBN: 0198742428
Theorising National Cinema
ISBN: 1844571203
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